Folia Parasitologica 54[1] 13-18 (2007) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2007.002

Endogenous development of Hemolivia mauritanica (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Haemogregarinidae) in the marginated tortoise Testudo marginata (Reptilia: Testudinidae): evidence from experimental infection

Pavel Široký¹, Martin Kamler², Fredric L. Frye³, Petr Fictum⁴, David Modrý^2,5

¹ Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic

² Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic

³ La Primavera Farm, 33422 Highway 128, Cloverdale, California 95425-9428, USA

⁴ Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic

⁵ Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Six young tortoises Testudo marginata Schoepff, 1792 were experimentally infected with Hemolivia mauritanica (Sergent et Sergent, 1904). The prepatent period ranged from 6 to 8 weeks. Young, smaller, club-like forms (6-9 × 3-6 µm) of gametocytes appeared in the peripheral blood first, whereas mature, elongated, cylindrical forms (9-12 × 5-7 µm) were detected after 1-2 weeks and predominated during later patency. Three of the infected tortoises were euthanized and dissected to study the endogenous stages. Meronts occurred in the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system and in the erythrocytes; these were observed mostly in parenchymatous organs. Mature forms measured 14.2 × 9.3 µm and contained 7-12 merozoites. Cysts with two (exceptionally one) cystozoites were also found predominantly in parenchymatous organs and measured 14.8 × 7.9 µm. Pathological changes attributable to Hemolivia were mild and limited to liver and kidneys. The role of individual developmental stages of haemogregarines is discussed with respect to evolution of heteroxenous life cycle and long-term persistence of parasites in their intermediate hosts.

Keywords: Apicomplexa, Hemolivia mauritanica, Testudo, merogony, cystogony, tick-born disease, life cycle

Received: December 4, 2006; Accepted: February 1, 2007; Published: March 1, 2007  Show citation