Folia Parasitologica 72:022 (2025) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2025.022

Prevalence of Ixodes ricinus and possible hybrids of I. ricinus and I. inopinatus on the edible dormouse in a Central European woodland

Karolína Šimurdová ORCID...^1*, Ludek Zurek^{2, 3}, Ondřej Daněk^{4, 5}, Pavlína Paclíková¹, Eva Nosková^{2, 6}, David Modrý^{4, 5, 6}, Igor Magál¹, Peter Adamík ORCID...^{1, 7}

¹ Department of Zoology, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic;

² CEITEC, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic;

³ Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources and CINeZ, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic;

⁴ Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic;

⁵ Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources and CINeZ, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;

⁶ Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;

⁷ Museum of Natural History, Olomouc, Czech Republic

Ixodes inopinatus Estrada-Peña, Nava et Petney, 2014 was described in 2014 from the Iberian Peninsula and later reported from Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Germany, Austria and Romania. However, recent studies raised serious doubts about the presence of I. inopinatus in Central Europe and reported hybridisation between the Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and I. inopinatus. In this study, we selected a locally common rodent host, the edible dormouse Glis glis (Linnaeus) (Rodentia: Gliridae), to study the prevalence of these two tick species and their hybrids in a Central European woodland. The TROSPA nuclear gene and the COI mitochondrial gene were used for tick identification. Overall, 581 dormice were screened and 383 I. ricinus, 17 I. ricinus/inopinatus hybrids and no I. inopinatus were found. Co-infection of I. ricinus and hybrids was found on 11 dormice with the overall prevalence of I. ricinus 28.8% and hybrids 2.5%. Seasonal occurrence of I. ricinus and hybrids reached a peak in August. Edible dormouse males were more frequently infected than females and larvae of both tick taxa greatly outnumbered the nymphs. Detection of a large number of hybrid larvae on this mammal host demonstrates that tick hybridisation likely occurs further north and outside the originally described distribution range of I. inopinatus.

Keywords: Glis glis, hybridisation, infestation, rodent, tick-host interactions

Received: October 1, 2024; Revised: April 19, 2025; Accepted: April 25, 2025; Published online: July 11, 2025  Show citation