Folia Parasitologica - Most viewed articles

Amphipod intermediate host of Polymorphus minutus (Acanthocephala), parasite of water birds, with notes on ultrastructure of host-parasite interface

Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli, Luisa Giari

Folia Parasitologica 46[2] 117-122 (1999)  

From November 1997 to June 1998, 3,118 specimens of Echinogammarus stammeri (Karaman, 1931) (Amphipoda) were collected from the River Brenta (Northern Italy) and examined for larval helminths. Larvae of Polymorphus minutus (Goeze, 1782) singly infected the hemocoel of 23 (0.74%) crustaceans; all these larvae were cystacanth stages. This is the first record of Polymorphus minutus in E. stammeri. Some cystacanths had their forebody and hindbody fully inverted. Parasites were bright orange in colour and each was surrounded by a thin acellular envelope. This envelope likely protects the developing parasite larva from cellular...

Effect of low and high temperatures on infectivity of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores suspended in water

Břetislav Koudela, Štěpánka Kučerová, Tomáš Hudcovic

Folia Parasitologica 46[3] 171-174 (1999)  

The survival of Encephalitozoon cuniculi Levaditi, Nicolau et Schoen, 1923 spores suspended in distilled water and exposed at defined temperatures was investigated. Infectivity of E. cuniculi spores was tested by inoculation of SCID mice. There was no marked loss of infectivity of spores stored at 4°C for two years or frozen at -12°C and -24°C for 1, 8, and 24 h. Although there was a remarkable loss of infectivity, spores remained infective after freezing at -70°C for 1 and 8 h. Heating at 60°C and 70°C for 5 min and 1 min, respectively, rendered the microsporidia non-infective. These findings demonstrate that E. cuniculi spores...

Discovery of the life cycle of Sarcocystis lacertae Babudieri, 1932 (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), with a species redescription

Jiří Volf, David Modrý, Břetislav Koudela, Jan R. Šlapeta

Folia Parasitologica 46[4] 257-262 (1999)  

Oocysts/sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. were found in the intestinal contents of the smooth snake, Coronella austriaca Laurenti. Common voles Microtus arvalis (Pallas), bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber), green lizards Lacerta viridis (Laurenti), and common wall lizards Podarcis muralis (Laurenti) were experimentally inoculated as potential intermediate hosts. Only common wall lizards were found to be susceptible intermediate hosts. Transparent, macroscopically hardly visible sarcocysts found in tail striated muscles of lizards were 480 (390-640) × 210 (190-230) µm in size 72 days post-infection....

Some nematodes and acanthocephalans from exotic ornamental freshwater fishes imported into Germany

František Moravec, Jan Wolter, Wolfgang Körting

Folia Parasitologica 46[4] 296-310 (1999)  

Five species of adult nematodes, unidentifiable nematode larvae, and three species of acanthocephalans, were found in freshwater ornamental fishes newly imported into Germany from Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Peru, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The following species were identified: Adult Nematoda: Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, Capillariidae gen. sp., Dichelyne hartwichi sp. n., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pintoi and Spinitectus allaeri; Acanthocephala: Pseudogorgorhynchus arii gen. et sp. n., Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Pallisentis sp. The nematode Dichelyne hartwichi...

Ultrastructure of the scolex, rhyncheal system and bothridial pits of Otobothrium mugilis (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha)

Malcolm K. Jones

Folia Parasitologica 47[1] 29-38 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.006  

The ultrastructure of the scolex tegument, bothridial pits (=ciliated pits) and rhyncheal system of Otobothrium mugilis Hiscock, 1954 is described from plerocerci collected from the teleosts Arius graeffei Kner et Steindachner and Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that filamentous microtriches with shortened caps are abundant across the entire surface of the tegument. Palmate microtriches are dominant on the bothridia and their margins. The surfaces of bothridial pits were covered with large bifid microtriches. The bothridial pits are strongly muscularised invaginations of the tegument. Nervous tissues...

Analysis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte populations in experimental Trichinella spiralis infection of mice

Frane Božić, Albert Marinculić, Emir Duraković

Folia Parasitologica 47[1] 55-59 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.010  

The potential role of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (i-IELs) in the generation of host protective immunity after helminth infection was investigated using the Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835)/mouse model. In this study we found a significant rise of TCRγδ⁺ i-IELs (P < 0.001) concurrent with the jejunal goblet cells (GC) hyperplasia in T. spiralis-infected C57BL mice on day 4 p.i. However, no direct relationship between the kinetics of the increase in TCRγδ⁺ i-IELs and T. spiralis expulsion was observed in infected mice. Taken together, these results implicate that γδ...

Trichodinid ciliates (Peritrichia: Trichodinidae) from the Bay of Kiel, with description of Trichodina claviformis sp. n.

Reimer C. Dobberstein, Harry W. Palm

Folia Parasitologica 47[2] 81-90 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.018  

Investigations on the epizoic fauna of Gadus morhua (L.), Platichthys flesus (L.) and Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) from the Kiel Fjord and Kiel Bight were carried out from September 1996 to March 1997. Smears from 120 G. morhua and 92 P. flesus caught using fish traps and trammel nets, and of 35 O. mykiss obtained from a local fish farm in the Kiel Fjord revealed the presence of three species of trichodinid ciliates, Trichodina claviformis sp. n., Trichodina jadranica Haider, 1964 and Trichodina raabei Lom, 1962. The new species can be distinguished from other trichodinids...

Trypanorhynch cestodes from Indonesian coastal waters (East Indian Ocean)

Harry W. Palm

Folia Parasitologica 47[2] 123-134 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.025  

Results of a study on trypanorhynch cestodes of fishes from Indonesian coastal waters are presented. A new species, Dasyrhynchus thomasi sp. n., is described, and five species are recorded which all represent new locality records: Tentacularia coryphaenae Bosc, 1797; Nybelinia africana Dollfus, 1960; Nybelinia scoliodoni (Vijayalakshmi, Vijayalakshmi et Gangadharam, 1996); Sphyriocephalus dollfusi Bussieras et Aldrin, 1968; and Otobothrium penetrans Linton, 1907. Their known ranges of distribution are extended to the East-Indian Ocean. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to clarify details...

Histopathology of Kabatana arthuri (Microspora) infection in sutchi catfish, Pangasius sutchi

Iva Dyková, Jiří Lom

Folia Parasitologica 47[3] 161-166 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.032  

The microsporidian Kabatana arthuri (Lom, Dyková et Shaharom, 1990) induced severe regressive changes in trunk muscles of Pangasius sutchi (Fowler) from Thailand. Necrotic changes developed in muscle fibres around the developmental stages and on the periphery of giant aggregates of spores. The main feature of the host defence reaction was the phagocytic activity of macrophages. Inflammatory reaction was only exceptionally observed. Spore-laden macrophages were found in various tissues and organs; their infiltration in epidermis including its outermost layers may effectively enhance the spread of infection while the hosts still live.

Three new helminth species from two endemic plethodontid salamanders, Typhlomolge rathbuni and Eurycea nana, in central Texas

František Moravec, David G. Huffman

Folia Parasitologica 47[3] 186-194 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.036  

Helminthological examination of two rare, endemic species of plethodontid salamanders, the Texas blind salamander (Typhlomolge rathbuni Stejneger) and the San Marcos dwarf salamander (Eurycea nana Bishop), from the subterranean waters and springs in San Marcos, Hays County, central Texas, USA revealed the presence of three new, previously undescribed species of intestinal helminths: Brachycoelium longleyi sp. n. (Trematoda) from T. rathbuni (type host) and E. nana, Dendronucleata americana sp. n. (Acanthocephala) from T. rathbuni, and Amphibiocapillaria texensis sp. n. (Nematoda) from T. rathbuni;...

Wardium paucispinosum sp. n. (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae), parasite of Larus maculipennis (Aves: Laridae) in Mar del Plata, Argentina; with comments on Wardium semiductilis (Szidat, 1964) comb. n.

Juliana Beatríz Labriola, Delia Mabel Suriano

Folia Parasitologica 47[3] 205-210 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.038  

A new species Wardium paucispinosum (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae) parasite from the intestine of Larus maculipennis (Lichtenstein) from Mar del Plata, Argentina is described. The distinctive features of the new species are: strobilar length 52.8 mm; 10 aploparaksoid rostellar hooks, 14 (12-17) µm long; ratio between cirrus pouch length and mature proglottid width (CPL/MPW) 0.38 (0.27-0.50); regular cylindrical evaginated cirrus, 90 × 10 µm, with distal end without spines and proximal and medium thirds covered with spines 7 µm long; simple tubular membranous vagina, 110 × 10 µm, without sclerotised portions and sphincters;...

Development of Procamallanus saccobranchi (Nematoda: Camallanidae), a parasite of a freshwater fish in India

Nimai C. De, Rabindra N. Maity

Folia Parasitologica 47[3] 216-226 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.040  

The development of the nematode Procamallanus saccobranchi Karve, 1952, a parasite in the stomach of the fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), was studied in Mesocyclops crassus (Fischer) and Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus). After being ingested by the copepods the nematode first-stage larvae penetrated into the haemocoel of the intermediate host; there they moulted twice (on days 3 and 5 p.i. at 28-30°C) attaining the third, infective stage. The definitive host H. fossilis acquired infection by feeding on copepods harbouring infective-stage larvae; in the stomach of this definitive host, the larvae were observed to...

A new species, Gnathia nkulu sp. n. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae) from southern Africa

Nico J. Smit, Jo G. Van As

Folia Parasitologica 47[3] 235-240 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.042  

A new species, Gnathia nkulu sp. n. is described from material collected off the South African coast at 80-200m depth. It differs from the intertidal species Gnathia africana Barnard, 1914 in that the mediofrontal process is not deeply divided into two lobes, article 2 of the pylopod is rounded and small wart-like tubercles and long simple setae are present on both the cephalosome and pereon.

Paranaella luquei gen. et sp. n. (Monogenea: Microcotylidae), a new parasite of Brazilian catfishes

Anna Kohn, Mariade Fatima D. Baptista-Farias, Simone Chinicz Cohen

Folia Parasitologica 47[4] 279-283 (2000) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2000.048  

Paranaella, a new microcotyline monotypic genus, is erected to accommodate Paranaella luquei sp. n., parasite of gill filaments from Hypostomus sp., Hypostomus regani (Ihering) and Rhinelepis aspera Spix et Agassiz (Loricariidae) from the Paraná River, Brazil. The new genus is most closely related to Microcotyle Van Beneden et Hesse, 1863, Diplostamenides Unnithan, 1971 and Solostamenides Unnithan, 1971. From Microcotyle it differs mainly by having the genital atrium formed by a muscular ring with a concentric row of numerous elongate and straight spines; from Diplostamenides it...

A description of two new species of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from African reptiles with nomenclatural corrections for two Caryospora and one Eimeria species from snakes

Peter Daszak, Stanley John Ball

Folia Parasitologica 48[1] 1-6 (2001) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.001  

Two new species of coccidian parasites are described from African reptiles. Oocysts of Eimeria foulshami sp. n. from the plated lizard Gerrhosaurus major bottegoi Del Prato of Sudan are ellipsoidal, 24.1 × 14.9 (23-26.5 × 14-17.8) µm with a bilayered, colourless oocyst wall and lack polar granules. The ellipsoidal sporocysts average 8.6 × 4.6 (7-10.6 × 4.4-7) µm and possess a prominent, globular, sporocyst residuum. Oocysts of Caryospora regentensis sp. n. from the green mamba Dendroaspis viridis Hallowell of Kenya are spherical to subspherical, 16.8 × 16.4 (16-17.6 × 15-17.2) µm with a bilayered oocyst...

The prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus ticks in the zone of their sympatry

Edward I. Korenberg, Yurii V. Kovalevskii, Michael L. Levin, Tatyana V. Shchyogoleva

Folia Parasitologica 48[1] 63-68 (2001) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.009  

A total of 7210 unfed adult Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930 and I. ricinus (L., 1758) ticks were collected from the vegetation by flagging in 35 study sites located in the zone of their sympatry (mainly in Leningrad region, Russia). Borrelia infection in ticks was estimated by the dark-field microscopic analysis of gut contents in standard vital preparations at a magnification of ×600. No correlation was revealed between the series of parameters characterising the abundance of each tick species (τ = -0.13) and between the series of these parameters and the prevalence of Borrelia in each vector. It is concluded that...

Weketrema gen. n., a new genus for Weketrema hawaiiense (Yamaguti, 1970) comb. n. (Digenea: Lecithasteridae) recently found in Australian marine fishes

Rodney A. Bray, Thomas H. Cribb

Folia Parasitologica 48[2] 109-114 (2001) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.016  

A new genus, Weketrema, is erected in the family Lecithasteridae for the species hitherto known as Lecithophyllum hawaiiense. Weketrema hawaiiense (Yamaguti, 1970) comb. n. is redescribed from Scolopsis bilineatus (Bloch) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) from Lizard Island and Heron Island, Queensland, Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède) (Perciformes: Haemulidae) from Heron Island and Cheilodactylus nigripes Richardson (Perciformes: Cheilodactylidae) and Latridopsis forsteri (Castelnau) (Perciformes: Latridae) from Stanley, northern Tasmania. The new genus is distinguished from related members of the...

Redescription of Ichthyofilaria argentinensis Incorvaia, 1999 (Nematoda: Philometridae) parasite of Merluccius hubbsi (Pisces: Merlucciidae) from Argentina

Juan Tomás Timi, Graciela Teresa Navone, Norma Haydée Sardella

Folia Parasitologica 48[2] 139-142 (2001) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.021  

Ichthyofilaria argentinensis Incorvaia, 1999 (Nematoda: Philometridae) is redescribed from type specimens and from parasites collected from the swim bladder of Argentine hakes Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933 caught at the Gulf of San Jorge (46°30'S, 66°30'W), Argentine Sea, in July, 1998. Sixteen out of 80 hakes (20%) were found to be parasitised by gravid females of this philometrid. After revision of both these nematodes and type material, the following differences from the original description of the species were observed: (a) cuticle with fine transverse striations, instead of smooth cuticle; (b) presence of cephalic papillae and a...

Picobia polonica sp. n. (Acari: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae), a new species of quill mite from the domestic hen, Gallus gallus domesticus (Aves: Phasianidae)

Maciej Skoracki, Wojciech Magowski, Jacek Dabert

Folia Parasitologica 48[2] 154-158 (2001) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.024  

Female, physogastric female and male of Picobia polonica sp. n. collected from the domestic hen Gallus gallus domesticus (L.) in Poland are described and the phenomenon of physogastry in this and related species is briefly discussed. Picobia polonica is similar to Picobia khulkhshani (Kivganov et Sharafat, 1995). These two species can be distinguished by the following characters: P. polonica: chelicerae dentate, each with three minute teeth; setae g1 and pg2 subequal in length; ratio pg1 : pg2, 3 : 1. P. khulkhshani: chelicerae edentate; setae g1 twice shorter than pg2;...

Diversity of gyrodactylids from some marine fishes in tropical and subtropical Queensland, Australia

Ingo Ernst, Ian D. Whittington, Malcolm K. Jones

Folia Parasitologica 48[2] 165-168 (2001) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.028  

In vitro secretion of metabolic end-products by piscine haemoflagellates Cryptobia salmositica and C. bullocki (Kinetoplastida: Bodonidae) and the relationship of these products to the pH in the medium

Bernadette F. Ardelli, Patrick T.K. Woo

Folia Parasitologica 48[3] 187-191 (2001) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.031  

Pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Cryptobia salmositica Katz, 1951 and C. bullocki Strout, 1965 produced hydrogen peroxide, pyruvate and lactate under in vitro conditions in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM). As parasite number increased, the phenol red in the medium changed from red to yellow. This change was not associated with a decrease in pH, or an increase in pyruvate or lactate, but was correlated with an increased secretion of hydrogen peroxide. Parasites incubated at 10°C in medium at pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.3 were active for about 1 week with decreasing activity in the absence of serum. Parasites in saline (pH 6.0,...

Lepeophtheirus simplex sp. n., a caligid copepod (Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on \"botete\" (bullseye puffer, Sphoeroides annulatus) in Sinaloa, Mexico

Ju-shey Ho, Samuel Gómez, Emma Fajer-Avila

Folia Parasitologica 48[3] 240-248 (2001) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.040  

A new species of caligid copepod, Lepeophtheirus simplex sp. n., parasitic on bullseye puffer, Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns) in Sinaloa, Mexico is described. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the possession of (1) a maxillule with simple dentiform process; (2) a sternal furca with sharply pointed, curved tines; (3) a 2-segmented exopod of leg 3 with simple, slender spine on proximal segment; (4) a 3-segmented exopod of leg 4 with a long proximal, outer spine; and (5) the terminal claw of male antenna with a large, tridentate, medial protuberance.

Potential impacts of clearcutting on parasites of minnows in small boreal lakes

David J. Marcogliese, Mark Ball, Murray W. Lankester

Folia Parasitologica 48[4] 269-274 (2001) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.045  

Clearcutting and deforestation lead to increased erosion, increased water temperature, altered water chemistry, and modified watershed hydrology in aquatic systems. Effects on biological organisms have been documented for phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, and fish. In this study, parasites of the northern redbelly dace, Phoxinus eos (Cope), were examined from an experimental area consisting of headwater lakes and their watersheds in the boreal forest of Ontario, Canada prior to and after clearcutting around the lakes. Catchments of two lakes were heavily, and one lake partially, clearcut in 1996, and that of a fourth lake was untouched. In...

F. Moravec: Trichinelloid Nematodes Parasitic in Cold-blooded Vertebrates.

Vlastimil Baruš

Folia Parasitologica 49[1] 24 (2002) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2002.007  

Academia, Praha, 2001. ISBN 80-200-0805-5, hardback, 430 pp., 138 figs. Price CZK (Czech crowns) 395.00.

Redescription of Andrya cuniculi (Blanchard, 1891) (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), a parasite of Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lagomorpha) in Spain

František Tenora, Božena Koubková, Carlos Feliu

Folia Parasitologica 49[1] 50-54 (2002) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2002.011  

Andrya cuniculi (Blanchard, 1891) (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) is redescribed from Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) from Spain. Large ranges of variability in body length and width, testes number and position of the cirrus sac were observed. An external seminal vesicle covered with small glandular cells is present. The pattern of development of the uterus is similar to that of Andrya rhopalocephala (Riehm, 1881). The only reliable differential characters to distinguish A. cuniculi from A. rhopalocephala are the position of the uterus in gravid segments and the position of the testes in mature segments. The uterus of A....

Bacterial colonisation in the gut of Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae): transtadial passage and the role of female diet

Petr Volf, Alena Kiewegová, Alexandr Nemec

Folia Parasitologica 49[1] 73-77 (2002) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2002.014  

Bacteria isolated from the gut of different developmental stages of Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire, 1906 belonged almost all to aerobic or facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods. In females, the highest bacterial counts were observed two days after bloodfeeding; seven days after bloodfeeding the bacterial counts returned to pre-feeding levels. Most isolates were identified phenotypically as Ochrobactrum sp. The distinctiveness and homogeneity of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Ochrobactrum isolates indicated that they belonged to a single strain (designated AK). This strain was acquired by larvae from food...

Myxobolus species (Myxozoa), parasites of fishes in the Okavango River and Delta, Botswana, including descriptions of two new species

Cecilé C. Reed, Linda Basson, Liesl L. Van As

Folia Parasitologica 49[2] 81-88 (2002) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2002.016  

Fieldwork was conducted in 1998 and 1999 in the Okavango River and Delta and a total of 275 fishes representing 31 species were examined for the presence of myxosporean parasites. A total of seven myxosporeans of the genus Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 were found infecting the fishes. Two new species namely Myxobolus etsatsaensis sp. n. from Barbus thamalakanensis Fowler, 1935 and M. paludinosus sp. n. from Barbus paludinosus Peters, 1852 are described. Myxobolus africanus Fomena, Bouix et Birgi, 1985, M. camerounensis Fomena, Marqués et Bouix, 1993, M. hydrocyni Kostoïngue et Toguebaye, 1994,...

Morphological features of Prosorhynchus crucibulum and P. aculeatus (Digenea: Bucephalidae), intestinal parasites of Conger conger (Pisces: Congridae), elucidated by scanning electron microscopy

Maria João Santos, David I. Gibson

Folia Parasitologica 49[2] 96-102 (2002) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2002.019  

The external morphology of two bucephalid digenean parasites of Conger conger (Linnaeus) (Congridae, Anguilliformes) caught northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1905 and P. aculeatus Odhner, 1905, were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM techniques elucidated new external morphological details, mainly relating to the tegument and protruding organs, such as, in P. crucibulum, a papilla-like structure associated with the pharynx and, in P. aculeatus, the cirrus. The tegument bears scale-like spines, which in both species are arranged quincuncially. The...

Description of the previously unknown male of Caligus mortis Kensley, 1970 (Copepoda: Caligidae), parasite of intertidal fish from South Africa

Nico J. Grobler, Jo G. Van As, Piet A.S. Olivier

Folia Parasitologica 49[2] 131-136 (2002) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2002.024  

Caligus mortis Kensley, 1970 was originally described from females collected from intertidal pools along the coast of Namibia. During surveys at Jeffreys Bay and De Hoop Nature Reserve in South Africa, both females and males of C. mortis were collected from intertidal pool fish hosts. Based on this material a full description of the male is given, and a comparison with the female reveals the sexual dimorphic characteristics.

Some specific and non-specific phosphatases of the sporocyst of Fasciola hepatica. II. Enzymes associated with the membrane transport

Mirosława Humiczewska

Folia Parasitologica 49[3] 221-226 (2002) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2002.040  

Using histochemical and cytophotometric methods, enzymes responsible for the membrane transport (alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and 5-nucleotidase) in the developing sporocyst of Fasciola hepatica (L., 1758) were studied. The most active metabolism occurred in the germ balls of sporocysts on the 8th and 15th days of development, which is associated with intensive proliferation and subsequently differentiation of embryos within the germ balls.